Action in a fractal universe and the holographic upper bound

TL;DR

This paper explores how the fundamental action associated with cosmic structures aligns with the holographic upper bound, consistent with observed galaxy and cluster parameters in a fractal universe.

Contribution

It proposes that the action of astronomical bodies approaches the holographic upper limit, linking fractal universe scaling laws with holographic principles.

Findings

Action near the holographic bound for galaxies and clusters

Scaling laws support the holographic principle in a fractal universe

Consistency with observed cosmic parameters

Abstract

The basic scaling laws for structures in a fractal universe require that the characteristic quantity of action associated with astronomical bodies should be of order near the maximum possible action allowed by the holographic upper bound. That conclusion is consistent with the observed parameters of galaxies and clusters.