Spin-polarized collision of deuterium and tritium: Relativistic Kinematics

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the relativistic kinematics of spin-polarized deuterium-tritium collisions, deriving analytical solutions for the velocities and spins of emitted particles, revealing two symmetric solution branches.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed analytical and numerical solutions for the relativistic collision kinematics involving spin polarization in deuterium-tritium reactions.

Findings

Analytic solutions closely match numerical results.

Two symmetric velocity solutions exist for each incident energy.

Solutions depend on initial spin orientations and energy.

Abstract

We investigate the relativistic kinematics of the spin-polarized collision of deuterium incident on tritium, producing ${}^4$He and a neutron. Within the context of special relativity, we apply the conservation of four momentum and the conservation of intrinsic spin, which leads to a system of ten equations. We impose initial conditions such that the deuterium is moving along the x-axis, the tritium is stationary at the origin of coordinates, and the classical spin vector of the deuterium (spin magnitude = 1) is along the +z-axis, while the classical spin vector for tritium (spin magnitude = 1/2) is along the $-$z-axis. We expand the ten conservation equations to second order in velocities and we solve them for the velocity components of the neutron, its unit-spin-orientation vector, and the velocity components of the ${}^4$He nucleus, as a function of the incident deuterium energy. We find that this analytic solution agrees closely with the numerical solution of the ten (unexpanded) equations. For a given energy of deuterium, we find that there are two solutions, each solution having a unique velocity for the emitted neutron and helium nucleus. The two solutions are related to each other by reflection in the plane perpendicular to the deuterium spin and containing the initial deuterium velocity vector.