TL;DR
This paper explores the limitations of galactic dynamics models by examining non-linearity, sensitivity, and quantum effects, highlighting how small changes can lead to significant effects in galaxy evolution.
Contribution
It introduces three case studies illustrating the potential breakdown of traditional models when accounting for previously neglected effects in galactic astrophysics.
Findings
Non-linearity may cause dissipation via discontinuous solutions.
Microscopic sensitivity impacts the stability of mean field models.
Quantum physics influences structure formation through massive neutrinos.
Abstract
After general considerations about limits of theories and models, where small changes may imply large effects, we discuss three cases in galactic astrophysics illustrating how galactic dynamics models may become insufficient when previously neglected effects are taken into account: 1) Like in 3D hydrodynamics, the non-linearity of the Poisson-Boltzmann system may imply dissipation through the growth of discontinuous solutions. 2) The relationship between the microscopic exponential sensitivity of N-body systems and the stability of mean field galaxy models. 3) The role of quantum physics in the dynamics of structure formation, considering that cosmological neutrinos are massive and semi-degenerate fermions.
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