Development of bakelite based Resistive Plate Chambers

TL;DR

This study compares different bakelite grades for Resistive Plate Chambers, finding that a specific high-voltage insulation grade provides stable, high efficiency over extended periods, with surface treatment being essential.

Contribution

It identifies the optimal bakelite grade and surface treatment for stable RPC operation, advancing detector development for high-energy physics experiments.

Findings

Bakelite grade P-120 yields >96% efficiency for over 110 days.

Silicone surface treatment is necessary for stable operation.

Stable efficiency maintained in streamer mode with specified gas mixture.

Abstract

A Comparative study has been performed on Resistive Plate Chambers made of different grades of bakelite paper laminates, produced and commercially available in India. The chambers, operated in the streamer mode using argon : tetrafluroethane : isobutane in 34:59:7 mixing ratio, are tested with cosmic rays for the efficiency and the stability with cosmic rays. A particular grade of bakelite (P-120, NEMA LI-1989 Grade XXX), used for high voltage insulation in humid conditions, was found to give satisfactory performance with stable efficiency of > 96% continuously for more than 110 days. A silicone treatment of the inner surfaces of the bakelite RPC is found to be necessary for operation of the detector.