Ab-initio determined electronic and magnetic properties of half-metallic NiCrSi and NiMnSi Heusler alloys; the role of interfaces and defects

TL;DR

This study uses first-principles calculations to analyze the electronic and magnetic properties of NiCrSi and NiMnSi Heusler alloys, highlighting their half-metallicity, stability, and interface behaviors relevant for spintronic applications.

Contribution

It provides detailed insights into the half-metallic nature, interface effects, and defect impacts of NiCrSi and NiMnSi alloys, which were not previously characterized in this depth.

Findings

NiCrSi and NiMnSi are half-metallic at equilibrium.

NiCrSi contacts show over 90% spin polarization.

Defects involving Ni atoms destroy half-metallicity.

Abstract

Using state-of-the-art first-principles calculations we study the properties of the ferromagnetic Heusler compounds NiYSi where Y stands for V, Cr or Mn. NiCrSi and NiMnSi contrary to NiVSi are half-metallic at their equilibrium lattice constant exhibiting integer values of the total spin magnetic moment and thus we concentrate on these two alloys. The minority-spin gap has the same characteristics as for the well-known NiMnSb alloy being around $\sim$1 eV. Upon tetragonalization the gap is present in the density of states even for expansion or contraction of the out-of-plane lattice parameter by 5%. The Cr-Cr and Mn-Mn interactions make ferromagnetism extremely stable and the Curie temperature exceeds 1000 K for NiMnSi. Surface and interfaces with GaP, ZnS and Si semiconductors are not half-metallic but in the case of NiCrSi the Ni-based contacts present spin-polarization at the Fermi level over 90%. Finally, we show that there are two cases of defects and atomic-swaps. The first-ones which involve the Cr(Mn) and Si atoms induce states at the edges of the gap which persists for a moderate-concentration of defects. Defects involving Ni atoms induce states localized within the gap completely destroying the half-metallicity. Based on single-impurity calculations we associate these states to the symmetry of the crystal.