A possible solution to the Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Pioneer Anomaly problems via a VSL approach

TL;DR

This paper explores a variable speed of light (VSL) approach to address dark matter, dark energy, and Pioneer Anomaly problems, deriving equations that produce known and novel gravitational effects, suggesting a new, falsifiable physics paradigm.

Contribution

It introduces a VSL-based framework that derives modified equations of motion, explaining phenomena like MOND, dark energy, and Pioneer Anomaly within a unified approach.

Findings

Derives equations that reproduce MOND force law

Predicts a dark-energy-like repulsive force

Explains Pioneer Anomaly with new equations

Abstract

I apply the equations of motion derived in the accompanying manuscript for the classical approximation of the vsl-path integral to the Newtonian gravitational field in simple geometries. The vsl classical-action, a complex quantity in this case, yields modified Euler-Lagrange equations. This, in turn, leads to the emergence of two equations of motions that must be satisfied concomitantly in order to minimize the complex action. The solutions obtained to the doublet equation of motion include the MOND force law, a dark-energy-like omni-present repulsive gravitational force, a pioneer-like anomaly at the solar system level, and additional predictions, which can be verified with either careful observations or via additional probes to the outer solar system. The exercise carried out in this paper exemplifies the explanatory potential of the vsl-approach, pointing to a potentially new physics paradigm. Finally, the vsl-approach is not only predictive, but highly falsifiable, an important ingredient of any physics theory.