Towards a 1% measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect with LARES?

TL;DR

This paper critically assesses the feasibility of measuring the Lense-Thirring effect with LARES, highlighting potential systematic errors due to Earth's gravity model uncertainties and orbital configuration choices that could limit the claimed 1% accuracy.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of how Earth's gravity field uncertainties and LARES's orbital parameters may impact the measurement accuracy of the Lense-Thirring effect.

Findings

Bias from Earth's gravity model could be up to ten times larger than claimed.

Low-altitude LARES orbit increases the impact of higher-degree geopotential harmonics.

Orbital inclination choices influence non-gravitational perturbations and measurement errors.

Abstract

After the recent approval by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) of the LARES mission, which will be launched at the end of 2008 by a VEGA rocket to measure the general relativistic gravitomagnetic Lense-Thirring effect by combining LARES data with those of the existing LAGEOS and LAGEOS II satellites, it is of the utmost importance to assess if the claimed accuracy \lesssim 1% will be realistically obtainable. A major source of systematic error is the mismodelling \delta J_L in the static part of the even zonal harmonic coefficients J_L, L=2,4,6,.. of the multipolar expansion of the classical part of the terrestrial gravitational potential; such a bias crucially depends on the orbital configuration of LARES. If for \delta J_L the difference between the best estimates of different Earth's gravity solutions from the dedicated GRACE mission is conservatively taken instead of optimistically considering the statistical covariance sigmas of each model separately, as done so far in literature, it turns out that, since LARES will be likely launched in a low-orbit (semimajor axis a\lesssim 7600 km), the bias due to the geopotential may be up to ten times larger than what claimed, according to a calculation up to degree L=20. Taking into account also the even zonal harmonics with L>20, as required by the relatively low altitude of LARES, may further degrade the total accuracy. Should a nearly polar configuration (inclination to the Earth's equator i\approx 90 deg) be finally implemented, also other perturbations would come into play, further corrupting the measurement of the Lense-Thirring effect. The orbital configuration of LARES may also have some consequences in terms of non-gravitational perturbations and measurement errors.