Simulation study of earthquakes based on the two-dimensional Burridge-Knopoff model with the long-range interaction

TL;DR

This study uses numerical simulations of a two-dimensional long-range Burridge-Knopoff earthquake model to analyze seismic correlations and magnitude distributions, revealing near-critical behavior and stress-drop characteristics consistent with observations.

Contribution

It introduces a long-range elastic interaction based on elastic theory into the 2D Burridge-Knopoff model, showing distinct seismic behaviors from short-range models.

Findings

Weaker spatiotemporal correlations in long-range models compared to short-range.

Magnitude distribution follows a near-critical power-law close to Gutenberg-Richter law.

Stress-drop is nearly independent of magnitude in long-range models.

Abstract

Spatiotemporal correlations of the two-dimensional spring-block (Burridge-Knopoff) models of earthquakes with the long-range inter-block interactions are extensively studied by means of numerical computer simulations. The long-range interaction derived from an elasticd theory, which takes account of the effect of the elastic body adjacent to the fault plane, falls off with distance r as 1/r^3. Comparison is made with the properties of the corresponding short-range models studied earlier. Seismic spatiotemporal correlations of the long-range models generally tend to be weaker than those of the short-range models. The magnitude distribution exhibits a ``near-critical'' behavior, i.e., a power-law-like behavior close to the Gutenberg-Richter law, for a wide parameter range with its B-value, B\simeq 0.55, insensitive to the model parameters, in sharp contrast to that of the 2D short-range model and those of the 1D short-range and long-range models where such a ``near-critical'' behavior is realized only by fine-tuning the model parameters. In contrast to the short-range case, the mean stress-drop at a seismic event of the long-range model is nearly independent of its magnitude, consistently with the observation. Large events often accompany foreshocks together with a doughnut-like quiescence as their precursors, while they hardly accompany aftershocks with almost negligible seismic correlations observed after the mainshock.