Experimental Studies of Compensation of Beam-Beam Effects with Tevatron Electron Lenses

TL;DR

This paper reports on experimental studies using electron lenses at the Tevatron to mitigate beam-beam effects, demonstrating improvements in beam lifetime and collider luminosity through various parameter optimizations.

Contribution

It presents novel experimental results on beam-beam compensation with electron lenses, including dependencies, imperfections, and performance improvements at the Tevatron.

Findings

Improved beam lifetime and luminosity with electron lens application

Quantified effects of electron beam parameters on beam dynamics

Identified impact of electron-beam imperfections and noise

Abstract

Applying the space-charge forces of a low-energy electron beam can lead to a significant improvement of the beam-particle lifetime limit arising from the beam-beam interaction in a high-energy collider [1]. In this article we present the results of various beam experiments with electron lenses, novel instruments developed for the beam-beam compensation at the Tevatron, which collides 980-GeV proton and antiproton beams. We study the dependencies of the particle betatron tunes on the electron beam current, energy and position; we explore the effects of electron-beam imperfections and noises; and we quantify the improvements of the high-energy beam intensity and the collider luminosity lifetime obtained by the action of the Tevatron Electron Lenses.