Merger Rates of Dark-Matter Haloes

TL;DR

This paper derives more accurate analytic merger rates for dark-matter haloes within the EPS framework, correcting previous estimates and providing tools for galaxy formation studies.

Contribution

It introduces a self-consistent method for calculating halo merger rates that accounts for multiple progenitors and matches N-body simulation results.

Findings

Corrected EPS merger rates are ~20% higher for major mergers.

Minor merger rates are up to 3 times higher than previous estimates.

Provides analytic formulas and algorithms for constructing merger trees.

Abstract

We derive analytic merger rates for dark-matter haloes within the framework of the Extended Press-Schechter (EPS) formalism. These rates become self-consistent within EPS once we realize that the typical merger in the limit of a small time-step involves more than two progenitors, contrary to the assumption of binary mergers adopted in earlier studies. We present a general method for computing merger rates that span the range of solutions permitted by the EPS conditional mass function, and focus on a specific solution that attempts to match the merger rates in N-body simulations. The corrected EPS merger rates are more accurate than the earlier estimates of Lacey & Cole, by ~20% for major mergers and by up to a factor of ~3 for minor mergers of mass ratio 1:10^4. Based on the revised merger rates, we provide a new algorithm for constructing Monte-Carlo EPS merger trees, that could be useful in Semi-Analytic Modeling. We provide analytic expressions and plot numerical results for several quantities that are very useful in studies of galaxy formation. This includes (a) the rate of mergers of a given mass ratio per given final halo, (b) the fraction of mass added by mergers to a halo, and (c) the rate of mergers per given main progenitor. The creation and destruction rates of haloes serve for a self-consistency check. Our method for computing merger rates can be applied to conditional mass functions beyond EPS, such as those obtained by the ellipsoidal collapse model or extracted from $N$-body simulations.