Improved Constraints on the Preferential Heating and Acceleration of Oxygen Ions in the Extended Solar Corona

TL;DR

This study confirms that oxygen ions in the extended solar corona are preferentially heated and accelerated, with their velocity distributions being anisotropic, based on UVCS observations and comprehensive data analysis.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates that the observed oxygen ion velocity distributions are best explained by anisotropic models, refuting isotropic interpretations suggested by recent studies.

Findings

Oxygen ions show strong temperature anisotropy in the extended solar corona.

Ion outflow speeds and perpendicular temperatures align with previous findings.

Evidence for preferential ion heating and acceleration persists at heights above 2.1 solar radii.

Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of oxygen ion velocity distributions in the extended solar corona, based on observations made with the Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on the SOHO spacecraft. Polar coronal holes at solar minimum are known to exhibit broad line widths and unusual intensity ratios of the O VI 1032, 1037 emission line doublet. The traditional interpretation of these features has been that oxygen ions have a strong temperature anisotropy, with the temperature perpendicular to the magnetic field being much larger than the temperature parallel to the field. However, recent work by Raouafi and Solanki suggested that it may be possible to model the observations using an isotropic velocity distribution. In this paper we analyze an expanded data set to show that the original interpretation of an anisotropic distribution is the only one that is fully consistent with the observations. It is necessary to search the full range of ion plasma parameters to determine the values with the highest probability of agreement with the UVCS data. The derived ion outflow speeds and perpendicular kinetic temperatures are consistent with earlier results, and there continues to be strong evidence for preferential ion heating and acceleration with respect to hydrogen. At heliocentric heights above 2.1 solar radii, every UVCS data point is more consistent with an anisotropic distribution than with an isotropic distribution. At heights above 3 solar radii, the exact probability of isotropy depends on the electron density chosen to simulate the line-of-sight distribution of O VI emissivity. (abridged abstract)