Statistical Ensembles with Fluctuating Extensive Quantities

TL;DR

This paper proposes an extended class of statistical ensembles where extensive quantities fluctuate based on an external distribution, and examines how energy fluctuations affect multiplicity fluctuations in a classical ultra-relativistic gas.

Contribution

It introduces a new ensemble framework with externally fluctuating extensive quantities, expanding the traditional statistical ensemble concept.

Findings

Energy fluctuations influence multiplicity fluctuations in momentum space segments

The extended ensemble framework models externally fluctuating quantities

Application to classical ultra-relativistic gases demonstrates the approach

Abstract

We suggest an extension of the standard concept of statistical ensembles. Namely, we introduce a class of ensembles with extensive quantities fluctuating according to an externally given distribution. As an example the influence of energy fluctuations on multiplicity fluctuations in limited segments of momentum space for a classical ultra-relativistic gas is considered.