Stability of multi-electron bubbles in liquid helium

TL;DR

This paper theoretically examines the stability of multi-electron bubbles in liquid helium, revealing conditions under which they are stable or unstable, especially considering effects of pressure and bubble motion.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical analysis of multi-electron bubble stability, highlighting the influence of pressure and Bernoulli effects on their stability range.

Findings

Multi-electron bubbles are unstable against fission at positive pressure.

Moving bubbles can be stabilized by Bernoulli effects.

Stability depends on pressure and bubble velocity conditions.

Abstract

The stability of multi-electron bubbles in liquid helium is investigated theoretically. We find that multi-electron bubbles are unstable against fission whenever the pressure is positive. It is shown that for moving bubbles the Bernoulli effect can result in a range of pressures over which the bubbles are stable.