Direct measurement of three-body interactions
M. Brunner, J. Dobnikar, H.H. von Gr\"unberg, and C. Bechinger

TL;DR
This paper experimentally measures three-body interactions among charged colloidal particles, revealing attractive forces comparable to pair-interactions, supported by numerical calculations that align well with the experimental data.
Contribution
It provides the first direct measurement of three-body interactions in colloidal systems and compares experimental results with numerical simulations.
Findings
Three-body interactions are attractive.
They are similar in magnitude and range to pair-interactions.
Numerical calculations agree well with experimental data.
Abstract
Three-body interactions have been measured among three charged colloidal particles in deionized solvent. Two of the particles have been confined to an optical line-trap while the third one was approached by means of a focused laser beam. The experimentally determined three-body interactions are attractive and roughly of the same magnitude and range as the pair-interactions. In addition, numerical calculations have been performed, which show good agreement with the experimental results.
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