The Cosmic Ray Signature of Dark Matter Caustics

TL;DR

This paper investigates how dark matter caustics, formed by gravitational processes, could produce detectable antimatter signals like antiprotons and positrons, with implications for dark matter detection and understanding galactic structure.

Contribution

It derives the antimatter flux from dark matter caustics and assesses their potential to explain observed cosmic ray excesses, highlighting the importance of the galactic center cut-off radius.

Findings

Boost factors of ~30 for high-energy antiprotons and low-energy positrons with a 300 pc cut-off radius.

Detectable antiproton signals around hundreds of GeV in models with enhanced annihilation cross sections.

Dark matter caustics do not better explain the HEAT excess than smooth profiles.

Abstract

Gravitational collapse of dark matter, merger of dark matter haloes and tidal disruption of satellites are among processes which lead to the formation of fine and dense dark matter shells, also known as dark matter caustics. The putative weakly interacting species which may form the dark matter are expected to strongly annihilate in these dense regions of the Milky Way halo and generate in particular antiprotons and positrons. We derive the flux of these rare antimatter particles at the Earth and show that it depends significantly on the cut-off radius of the dark matter distribution at the galactic centre. Boost factors of ~30 are found with respect to a smooth NFW profile for high-energy antiprotons and low-energy positrons if this cut-off radius is taken to be 300 pc -- a somewhat extreme value though. This yields a detectable antiproton signal around hundreds of Gev in models where the annihilation cross section today is enhanced by non--perturbative effects as in the generic case of a heavy Wino. However, dark matter caustics cannot provide a better explanation for the HEAT excess reported above ~10 GeV than a smooth NFW or isothermal cored distribution.