Spacetime foam: from entropy and holography to infinite statistics and nonlocality

TL;DR

This paper explores the concept of spacetime foam caused by quantum fluctuations, linking it to holography, dark energy, and infinite statistics, and discusses potential observational signatures in cosmology and astrophysics.

Contribution

It introduces a holographic spacetime foam model consistent with black hole entropy, proposing infinite statistics for dark energy particles and suggesting observational tests.

Findings

Spacetime foam aligns with holographic principles.

Dark energy may consist of particles obeying infinite statistics.

Foam effects are undetectable in current cosmic ray and gamma-ray observations.

Abstract

Due to quantum fluctuations, spacetime is foamy on small scales. The degree of foaminess is found to be consistent with holography, a principle prefigured in the physics of black hole entropy. It has bearing on the ultimate accuracies of clocks and measurements and the physics of quantum computation. Consistent with existing archived data on active galactic nuclei from the Hubble Space Telescope, the application of the holographic spacetime foam model to cosmology requires the existence of dark energy which, we argue, is composed of an enormous number of inert "particles" of extremely long wavelength. We suggest that these "particles" obey infinite statistics in which all representations of the particle permutation group can occur, and that the nonlocality present in systems obeying infinite statistics may be related to the nonlocality present in holographic theories. We also propose to detect spacetime foam by looking for halos in the images of distant quasars, and argue that it does not modify the GZK cutoff in the ultra-high energy cosmic ray spectrum and its contributions to time-of-flight differences of high energy gamma rays from distant GRB are too small to be detectable.