Characterization of reconnecting vortices in superfluid helium

TL;DR

This paper presents the first experimental evidence of vortex reconnection in superfluid helium, showing that the separation between particles on reconnected vortices follows a power-law growth consistent with scale-invariant dynamics.

Contribution

It provides the first direct experimental observations of quantized vortex reconnection in superfluid helium using particle imaging techniques.

Findings

Particle separation grows as a power law in time after reconnection.

The average scaling exponent is approximately 1/2.

Reconnection dynamics are consistent with scale-invariant evolution.

Abstract

When two vortices cross, each of them breaks into two parts and exchanges part of itself for part of the other. This process, called vortex reconnection, occurs in classical as well as superfluids, and in magnetized plasmas and superconductors. We present the first experimental observations of reconnection between quantized vortices in superfluid helium. We do so by imaging micron-sized solid hydrogen particles trapped on quantized vortex cores (Bewley GP, Lathrop DP, Sreenivasan KR, 2006, Nature, 441:588), and by inferring the occurrence of reconnection from the motions of groups of recoiling particles. We show the distance separating particles on the just-reconnected vortex lines grows as a power law in time. The average value of the scaling exponent is approximately 1/2, consistent with the scale-invariant evolution of the vortices.