Applications of single-qubit rotations in quantum public-key cryptography

TL;DR

This paper explores quantum public-key cryptography using single-qubit rotations, proposing a new cryptosystem that leverages quantum physics principles for security, with encryption via quantum states and classical private keys.

Contribution

It introduces a novel quantum cryptosystem based on single-qubit rotations and trapdoor one-way functions, utilizing Holevo's theorem for security.

Findings

Cryptosystem relies on quantum physics principles for security

Encryption uses quantum states, decryption uses classical private keys

Security is based on the infeasibility of inverting certain quantum state mappings

Abstract

We discuss cryptographic applications of single-qubit rotations from the perspective of trapdoor one-way functions and public-key encryption. In particular, we present an asymmetric cryptosystem whose security relies on fundamental principles of quantum physics. A quantum public key is used for the encryption of messages while decryption is possible by means of a classical private key only. The trapdoor one-way function underlying the proposed cryptosystem maps integer numbers to quantum states of a qubit and its inversion can be infeasible by virtue of the Holevo's theorem.