Modelling the dynamical evolution of the Bootes dwarf spheroidal galaxy

TL;DR

This study uses N-body simulations to explore the evolutionary history of the Bootes dwarf spheroidal galaxy, emphasizing the necessity of dark matter for its observed properties and suggesting intrinsic flattening of its progenitor.

Contribution

It demonstrates that the progenitor of Bootes was likely dark matter dominated and that spherical models cannot explain its elongation, providing new insights into dwarf galaxy evolution.

Findings

Bootes must have been dark matter dominated.

High velocity dispersion in Bootes requires dark matter.

Progenitor likely had intrinsic flattening.

Abstract

We investigate a wide range of possible evolutionary histories for the recently discovered Bootes dwarf spheroidal galaxy, a Milky Way satellite. By means of N-body simulations we follow the evolution of possible progenitor galaxies of Bootes for a variety of orbits in the gravitational potential of the Milky Way. The progenitors considered cover the range from dark-matter-free star clusters to massive, dark-matter dominated outcomes of cosmological simulations. For each type of progenitor and orbit we compare the observable properties of the remnant after 10 Gyr with those of Bootes observed today. Our study suggests that the progenitor of Bootes must have been, and remains now, dark matter dominated. In general our models are unable to reproduce the observed high velocity dispersion in Bootes without dark matter. Our models do not support time-dependent tidal effects as a mechanism able to inflate significantly the internal velocity dispersion. As none of our initially spherical models is able to reproduce the elongation of Bootes, our results suggest that the progenitor of Bootes may have had some intrinsic flattening. Although the focus of the present paper is the Bootes dwarf spheroidal, these models may be of general relevance to understanding the structure, stability and dark matter content of all dwarf spheroidal galaxies.