Overcharging and charge reversal in the electrical double layer near the point of zero charge

TL;DR

This study investigates ionic adsorption phenomena near the point of zero charge on colloids, revealing charge reversal and overcharging effects driven by ionic size asymmetry through simulations and theoretical models.

Contribution

It presents the first simulation data showing overcharging and charge reversal near zero charge, emphasizing the role of ionic size asymmetry in these phenomena.

Findings

Charge reversal occurs with small ions adsorbing onto slightly charged macroions.

Overcharging happens when larger counterions adsorb onto the macroion.

Spatial regions with decreasing charge or potential are observed as colloidal charge increases.

Abstract

The ionic adsorption around a weakly charged spherical colloid, immersed in size-asymmetric 1:1 and 2:2 salts, is studied. We use the primitive model of an electrolyte to perform Monte Carlo simulations as well as theoretical calculations by means of the hypernetted chain/mean spherical approximation (HNC/MSA) and the unequal-radius modified Gouy-Chapman (URMGC) integral equations. Structural quantities such as the radial distribution functions, the integrated charge, and the mean electrostatic potential are reported. Our Monte Carlo "experiments" evidence that near the point of zero charge the smallest ionic species is preferentially adsorbed onto the macroparticle, independently of the sign of the charge carried by this tiniest electrolytic component, giving rise to the appearance of the phenomena of charge reversal and overcharging. Accordingly, charge reversal is observed when the macroion is slightly charged and the coions are larger than the counterions. In the opposite situation, i.e. if the counterions are larger than the coions, overcharging occurs. In other words, in this paper we present the first simulational data on overcharging, showing that this novel effect surges close to the point of zero charge as a consequence of the ionic size asymmetry. Further, it is seen that the inclusion of hard-core correlations in HNC/MSA leads to spatial regions near the macroion's surface in which the integrated charge and/or the mean electrostatic potential can decrease when the colloidal charge is augmented and vice versa. These observations aware about the interpretation of electrophoretic mobility measurements using the standard Poisson-Boltzmann approximation beyond its validity region.