Virasoro Algebra and L\"owner-Kufarev Equations

TL;DR

This paper reveals that the L"owner-Kufarev equations in complex analysis have an underlying algebraic structure governed by the Virasoro algebra, connecting contour dynamics with conformal field theory and providing new Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formulations.

Contribution

It demonstrates the Virasoro algebra structure within L"owner-Kufarev dynamics and introduces methods to obtain negative Virasoro generators, linking complex analysis with algebraic and physical frameworks.

Findings

Virasoro generators span holomorphic and antiholomorphic parts of the structure.

Conserved quantities are identified within the Virasoro algebra framework.

Explicit Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formulations are derived for the dynamics.

Abstract

Contour dynamics is a classical subject both in physics and in complex analysis. We show that the dynamics provided by the L\"owner-Kufarev ODE and PDE possesses a rigid algebraic structure given by the Virasoro algebra. Namely, the `positive' Virasoro generators span the holomorphic part of the complexified vector bundle over the space of univalent functions, smooth on the boundary. In the covariant formulation they are conserved by the L\"owner-Kufarev evolution. The `negative' Virasoro generators span the antiholomorphic part. They contain a conserved term and we give an iterative method to obtain them based on the Poisson structure of the L\"owner-Kufarev evolution. The L\"owner-Kufarev PDE provides a distribution of the tangent bundle of non-normalized univalent functions, which forms the tangent bundle of normalized ones. It also gives an explicit correspondence between the latter bundle and the holomorphic eigen space of the complexified Lie algebra of vector fields on the unit circle. Finally, we give Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formulations of the motion within the coefficient body in the field of an elliptic operator constructed by means of Virasoro generators. We also discuss relations between CFT and SLE.