The Coincidence Problem and Interacting Holographic Dark Energy

TL;DR

This paper analyzes an interacting holographic dark energy model to determine conditions under which it can address the cosmic coincidence problem, considering observational constraints and the model's dynamical behavior.

Contribution

It identifies specific parameter conditions allowing the model to alleviate the coincidence problem while satisfying observational data.

Findings

The model reaches the attractor only in the future if parameters are positive and equal.

The coincidence problem is not alleviated when parameters are positive and equal.

Allowing parameters to be negative and unequal enables the model to address the coincidence problem.

Abstract

We study the dynamical behaviour of the interacting holographic dark energy model whose interaction term is $Q=3H(\lam_d\rho_d + \lam_c\rho_c)$, where $\rho_d$ and $\rho_c$ are the energy density of dark energy and CDM respectively. To satisfy the observational constraints from SNIa, CMB shift parameter and BAO measurement, if $\lam_c = \lam_d$ or $\lam_d, \lam_c >0$, the cosmic evolution will only reach the attractor in the future and the ratio $\rho_c/\rho_d$ cannot be slowly varying at present. Since the cosmic attractor can be reached in the future even when the present values of the cosmological parameters do not satisfy the observational constraints, the coincidence problem is not really alleviated in this case. However, if $\lam_c \neq \lam_d$ and they are allowed to be negative, the ratio $\rho_c/\rho_d$ can be slowly varying at present and the cosmic attractor can be reached near the present epoch. Hence, the alleviation of the coincidence problem is attainable in this case. The alleviation of coincidence problem in this case is still attainable when confronting this model to SDSS data.