The Role of the Dilaton in Dense Skyrmion Matter

TL;DR

This paper explores how the interplay between the omega meson and the dilaton field influences the phase structure of dense skyrmion matter, with implications for understanding the properties of matter in compact stars.

Contribution

It introduces a unified field theoretic model incorporating the dilaton and vector mesons to study dense skyrmion matter and reveals new phase transition regimes based on dilaton mass variations.

Findings

The dilaton and omega meson significantly affect the phase structure of dense matter.

Two distinct phase transition regimes are identified as the dilaton mass varies.

The model suggests important consequences for the properties of matter in compact stars.

Abstract

In this note, we report on a remarkable and surprising interplay between the omega meson and the dilaton chi in the structure of a single skyrmion as well as in the phase structure of dense skyrmion matter which may have a potentially important consequence on the properties of compact stars. In our continuing effort to understand hadronic matter at high density, we have developed a unified field theoretic formalism for dense skyrmion matter using a single Lagrangian to describe simultaneously both matter and meson fluctuations and studied in-medium properties of hadrons. The effective theory used is the Skyrme model Lagrangian gauged with the vector mesons rho and omega, implemented with the dilaton field that describes the spontaneously broken scale symmetry of QCD, in a form consistent with the symmetries of QCD and our expectations regarding the high density limit. We analyze the restoration of scale invariance and chiral symmetry as the density of the system increases. In order to preserve the restoration of scale symmetry and chiral symmetry, signalled in our case by the vanishing of the expectation value of the dilaton, and to be consistent with the vector manifestation of hidden local symmetry, a density dependent omega coupling is introduced. We uncover the crucial role played by both the dilaton and the omega meson in the phase structure of dense medium and discover how two different phase transition regimes arise as we dial the dilaton mass.