Plasmon Annihilation into Kaluza-Klein Graviton: New Astrophysical Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions

TL;DR

This paper investigates how large extra dimensions affect supernova cooling via KK graviton production, deriving new constraints on the fundamental Planck scale from SN 1987A observations.

Contribution

It provides novel astrophysical bounds on the size of extra dimensions by analyzing plasmon-mediated KK graviton emission in supernovae.

Findings

Bounds of M_D > 22.9 TeV for two extra dimensions

Bounds of M_D > 1.38 TeV for three extra dimensions

Supernova cooling constrains large extra dimension models

Abstract

In large extra dimensional Kaluza-Klein (KK) scenario, where the usual Standard Model (SM) matter is confined to a 3+1-dimensional hypersurface called the 3-brane and gravity can propagate to the bulk (D=4+d, d being the number of extra spatial dimensions), the light graviton KK modes can be produced inside the supernova core due to the usual nucleon-nucleon bremstrahlung, electron-positron and photon-photon annihilations. This photon inside the supernova becomes plasmon due to the plasma effect. In this paper, we study the energy-loss rate of SN 1987A due to the KK gravitons produced from the plasmon-plasmon annihilation. We find that the SN 1987A cooling rate leads to the conservative bound $M\_D$ > 22.9 TeV and 1.38 TeV for the case of two and three space-like extra dimensions.