The Half-Integer Charged Particles of the Orbifold Models

TL;DR

This paper explores the existence and potential astrophysical roles of half-integer charged particles predicted by orbifold compactification models of heterotic string theory, suggesting their possible influence on galaxy centers and cosmic phenomena.

Contribution

It demonstrates the theoretical possibility of half-integer charged particles in our universe and discusses their potential implications for astrophysics and cosmology.

Findings

Half-integer charged particles may exist in the universe.

Such particles are likely located at galaxy centers.

They could help explain supermassive black hole formation and cosmic ray puzzles.

Abstract

In this paper, we consider half-integer charged particles predicted by models of orbifold compactification of the $E_8\times E_8$ heterotic string theory. We find that it is possible for half-integer charged particles to exist in our universe, and the location of half-interger charged particles in a galaxy should be in the centers of the galaxy. By qualitative analysis, we find half-interger charged particles may be helpful in explaining the formation of SMBH at the large redshift and solving the UHECR puzzle.