TL;DR
This paper presents a sample of nearby, thermally emitting neutron stars discovered via ROSAT, highlighting their properties, potential as high-density matter probes, and current limitations in understanding their surface emission.
Contribution
It introduces a new sample of thermally emitting neutron stars and discusses their observational properties and the challenges in interpreting their surface emission.
Findings
Neutron stars are nearby, middle-aged pulsars with moderate magnetic fields.
Their thermal emission provides insights into matter at high densities.
Current understanding of their surface emission is limited.
Abstract
We describe a sample of thermally emitting neutron stars discovered in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. We discuss the basic observational properties of these objects and conclude that they are nearby, middle-aged pulsars with moderate magnetic fields that we see through their cooling radiation. While these objects are potentially very useful as probes of matter at very high densities and magnetic fields, our lack of understanding of their surface emission limits their current utility. We discuss this and other outstanding problems: the spectral evolution of one sources and the relation of this population to the overall pulsar population.
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