Space density of optically-selected type 2 quasars

TL;DR

This paper presents a large catalog of optically-selected type 2 quasars from SDSS, deriving their luminosity function and comparing their space density to type 1 quasars, revealing that type 2 quasars are at least as common as type 1 quasars at certain luminosities.

Contribution

It provides the largest sample of type 2 quasars to date and derives their luminosity function and space density ratios compared to type 1 quasars.

Findings

Type 2 quasars are at least as abundant as type 1 quasars at high luminosities.

The catalog contains 887 objects, six times larger than previous samples.

The luminosity function constrains the space density of obscured quasars.

Abstract

Type 2 quasars are luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN) whose central regions are obscured by large amounts of gas and dust. In this paper, we present a catalog of type 2 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), selected based on their optical emission lines. The catalog contains 887 objects with redshifts z < 0.83; this is six times larger than the previous version and is by far the largest sample of type 2 quasars in the literature. We derive the [OIII]5008 luminosity function for 10^8.3 Lsun < L[OIII] < 10^10 Lsun (corresponding to intrinsic luminosities up to M[2400A]-28 mag or bolometric luminosities up to 4x10^47 erg/sec). This luminosity function provides strong lower limits to the actual space density of obscured quasars, due to our selection criteria, the details of the spectroscopic target selection, as well as other effects. We derive the equivalent luminosity function for the complete sample of type 1 (unobscured) quasars; then, we determine the ratio of type 2/type 1 quasar number densities. Our best data constrain this ratio to be at least 1.5:1 for 10^8.3 Lsun < L[OIII] < 10^9.5 Lsun at z < 0.3, and at least 1.2:1 for L[OIII]=10^10 Lsun at 0.3 < z < 0.83. Type 2 quasars are at least as abundant as type 1 quasars in the relatively nearby Universe (z < 0.8) for the highest luminosities.