Thermal radiation processes
J.S. Kaastra, F.B.S. Paerels, F. Durret, S. Schindler, P. Richter

TL;DR
This paper reviews the physical processes governing thermal X-ray emission and absorption in cosmic diffuse gas, focusing on ionisation, line and continuum features, with practical diagnostic examples.
Contribution
It provides a comprehensive overview of thermal radiation processes in galaxy clusters and intergalactic medium, highlighting diagnostic spectral features and their physical origins.
Findings
Identification of key spectral diagnostic features
Analysis of ionisation balance in diffuse gas
Practical examples illustrating spectral diagnostics
Abstract
We discuss the different physical processes that are important to understand the thermal X-ray emission and absorption spectra of the diffuse gas in clusters of galaxies and the warm-hot intergalactic medium. The ionisation balance, line and continuum emission and absorption properties are reviewed and several practical examples are given that illustrate the most important diagnostic features in the X-ray spectra.
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