Early formation of galaxies initiated by clusters of primordial black holes

TL;DR

This paper proposes a model where primordial black hole clusters in the early universe seed the formation of protogalaxies and supermassive black holes, aligning with observed galaxy-black hole correlations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel scenario linking primordial black hole clusters to early galaxy formation and supermassive black hole development within a hierarchical clustering framework.

Findings

Primordial black hole clusters can seed protogalaxies with central black holes.

The model reproduces the observed correlation between black hole mass and galaxy velocity dispersion.

Formation of supermassive black holes is explained through black hole coalescence in early structures.

Abstract

Model of supermassive black holes formation inside the clusters of primordial black holes is developed. Namely, it is supposed, that some mass fraction of the universe ~10^-3 is composed of the compact clusters of primordial (relic) black holes, produced during phase transitions in the early universe. These clusters are the centers of dark matter condensation. We model the formation of protogalaxies with masses about 2*10^8M_sun at the redshift z=15. These induced protogalaxies contain central black holes with mass ~10^5M_sun and look like dwarf spheroidal galaxies with central density spike. The subsequent merging of induced protogalaxies and ordinary dark matter haloes corresponds to the standard hierarchical clustering scenario of large-scale structure formation. The coalescence of primordial black holes results in formation of supermassive black holes in the galactic centers. As a result, the observed correlation between the masses of central black holes and velocity dispersion in the galactic bulges is reproduced.