Classical Solutions of Ghost Condensation Models

TL;DR

This paper finds classical solutions in ghost condensation models, revealing (anti-) de Sitter, expanding universes, and Minkowski space, and discusses the gravitational Higgs mechanism with massive gravitons and a scalar field.

Contribution

It identifies exact classical solutions in ghost condensation models and analyzes their implications for the gravitational Higgs mechanism, ensuring unitarity.

Findings

Existence of three exact solutions: (anti-) de Sitter, expanding universes, Minkowski space

Models produce massive gravitons with 5 degrees of freedom and a scalar Nambu-Goldstone boson

Models are free from non-unitary propagating modes

Abstract

Motivated by ideas obtained from both ghost condensation and gravitational Higgs mechanism, we attempt to find classical solutions in the unitary gauge in general ghost condensation models. It is shown that depending on the form of scalar fields in an action, there are three kinds of exact solutions, which are (anti-) de Sitter space-time, polynomially expanding universes and flat Minkowski space-time. We briefly comment on gravitational Higgs mechanism in these models where we have massive gravitons of 5 degrees of freedom and 1 unitary scalar field (Nambu-Goldstone boson) after spontaneous symmetry breakdown of general coordinate reparametrization invariance. The models at hand are free from the problem associated with the non-unitary propagating mode.