J, H, K spectro-interferometry of the Mira variable S Orionis

TL;DR

This study uses J, H, K spectro-interferometry to measure how the apparent size of Mira variable S Orionis varies with wavelength, revealing molecular layers above the photosphere and confirming dynamic atmosphere models.

Contribution

First direct interferometric measurement of wavelength-dependent diameter variation in S Orionis, supporting dynamic atmosphere models with molecular layers.

Findings

Diameter varies with wavelength, increasing by ~40% around 2.0 μm.

Closure phases near zero indicate symmetric intensity distribution.

Observations agree with predictions from recent dynamic models.

Abstract

Aims: We present J, H, K interferometry with a spectral resolution of 35 for the Mira variable S Orionis. We aim at measuring the diameter variation as a function of wavelength that is expected due to molecular layers lying above the continuum-forming photosphere. Methods: Visibility data of S Ori were obtained at phase 0.78 with the VLTI/AMBER instrument using the fringe tracker FINITO at 29 spectral channels between 1.29 and 2.32 mu. Apparent uniform disk (UD) diameters were computed for each spectral channel. In addition, the visibility data were directly compared to predictions by recent self-excited dynamic model atmospheres. Results: S Ori shows significant variations in the visibility values as a function of spectral channel that can only be described by a clear variation in the apparent angular size with wavelength. The closure phase values are close to zero at all spectral channels, indicating the absence of asymmetric intensity features. The apparent UD angular diameter is smallest at about 1.3 and 1.7 mu and increases by a factor of ~1.4 around 2.0 mu. The minimum UD angular diameter is 8.1 pm 0.5 mas, corresponding to ~420 R_sun. The S Ori visibility data and the apparent UD variations can be explained reasonably well by a dynamic atmosphere model that includes molecular layers. Conclusions: The measured visibility and UD diameter variations with wavelength resemble and generally confirm the predictions by recent dynamic model atmospheres. [abridged]