The Complete Census of 70-um-Bright Debris Disks within the FEPS (Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems) Spitzer Legacy Survey of Sun-like Stars

TL;DR

This study uses Spitzer observations to identify and analyze cool debris disks around Sun-like stars, revealing their properties, distribution, and potential evolution over stellar ages.

Contribution

It provides the first comprehensive census of 70-um-bright debris disks around Sun-like stars, highlighting their characteristics and possible age and mass dependencies.

Findings

Approximately 10% of surveyed stars have 70 um excess emission.

Debris disks often show multiple temperature components, indicating extended dust distribution.

Younger stars tend to have higher fractional excess amplitudes.

Abstract

(abbreviated) We report detection with the Spitzer Space Telescope of cool dust surrounding solar type stars. The observations were performed as part of the Legacy Science Program, ``Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems'' (FEPS). From the overall FEPS sample (Meyer et al. 2006) of 328 stars having ages ~0.003-3 Gyr we have selected sources with 70 um flux densities indicating excess in their spectral energy distributions above expected photospheric emission........ .....The rising spectral energy distributions towards - and perhaps beyond - 70 um imply dust temperatures T_dust <45-85 K for debris in equilibrium with the stellar radiation field. We infer bulk properties such as characteristic temperature, location, fractional luminosity, and mass of the dust from fitted single temperature blackbody models. For >1/3 of the debris sources we find that multiple temperature components are suggested, implying a spatial distribution of dust extending over many tens of AU. Because the disks are dominated by collisional processes, the parent body (planetesimal) belts may be extended as well. Preliminary assessment of the statistics of cold debris around sun-like stars shows that ~10% of FEPS targets with masses between 0.6 and 1.8 Msun and ages between 30 Myr and 3 Gyr exhibit 70 um emission in excess of the expected photospheric flux density. We find that fractional excess amplitudes appear higher for younger stars and that there may be a trend in 70 um excess frequency with stellar mass.