Local quasiparticle lifetimes in a d-wave superconductor

TL;DR

This paper investigates how local quasiparticle lifetimes in a d-wave superconductor vary with energy and inhomogeneity, reconciling STS and ARPES measurements through a self-energy model involving impurities and spin fluctuations.

Contribution

It introduces a local self-energy model that explains the energy-dependent quasiparticle scattering rates and inhomogeneity observed in STS and ARPES data for d-wave superconductors.

Findings

Local density of states is homogeneous at low energies due to large mean free paths.

Inhomogeneity in the density of states increases at higher energies where mean free paths are shorter.

The model predicts the formation of Fermi arcs in the superconducting state.

Abstract

Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) measurements find that the surface of Bi-2212 is characterized by nanoscale sized regions, "gap patches," which have different magnitudes for the d-wave energy gap. Recent studies have shown that the tunnelling conductance can be fit using a BCS-type density of states for a d-wave superconductor with a local quasiparticle scattering rate. The fit is made with a scattering rate which varies linearly with energy and has a slope that is positively correlated with the local value of the gap. We revisit a model of quasiparticle scattering by impurities and spin fluctuations which was previously used to describe the lifetimes of nodal quasiparticles measured by angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES). We argue that the broadening of the local density of states is in general determined by the imaginary part of the self-energy of the system averaged over a small region. The size of this region is set by a mean free path which depends upon the energy. At low energies, this region is found to be significantly larger than a gap "patch", so that the density of states measured by STS is homogeneous in this energy range. At higher energies where the mean free path is comparable with the patch size, the density of states is inhomogeneous. We show that a local self-energy in the impurity-plus-spin fluctuation model, while not strictly linear, yields a local density of states (LDOS) nearly identical to the full theory, and argue that it is consistent with the STS data as well as the phenomenological linear scattering rate extracted from experiment. We also explore the qualitative consequences of this phenomenology for the spectral widths observed in ARPES and predict the existence of Fermi arcs in the superconducting state.