Geometric phases and the magnetization process in quantum antiferromagnets

TL;DR

This paper explores the role of geometric phases in the magnetization process of quantum antiferromagnets, introducing a continuum approach and effective field theory that reveal topological effects and fractionalized phases.

Contribution

It develops a continuum variant of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis approach using Berry connection formulation and maps the effective action to a ${f Z}_2$ gauge theory, highlighting topological phenomena.

Findings

Berry phase factors influence magnetic behavior.

Effective field theory captures topological effects.

Mapping to ${f Z}_2$ gauge theory suggests fractionalized phases.

Abstract

The physics underlying the magnetization process of quantum antiferromagnets is revisited from the viewpoint of geometric phases. A continuum variant of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis-type approach to the problem is put forth, where the commensurability condition of Oshikawa {\it et al} derives from a Berry connection formulation of the system's crystal momentum. %, similar to that developed by Haldane for ferromagnets. %Building on the physical picture which arises, We then go on to formulate an effective field theory which can deal with higher dimensional cases as well. We find that a topological term, whose principle function is to assign Berry phase factors to space-time vortex objects, ultimately controls the magnetic behavior of the system. We further show how our effective action maps into a ${\bf Z}_2$ gauge theory under certain conditions, which in turn allows for the occurrence of a fractionalized phase with topological order.