Rabi oscillations in semiconductor multi-wave mixing response

TL;DR

This paper investigates Rabi oscillations in semiconductor multi-wave mixing responses under high-intensity resonant excitation, revealing the role of invariant spin classes and multiple Rabi frequencies in the dynamics.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of multi-wave mixing Rabi oscillations, highlighting the invariant spin classes and the effects of mass differences and Coulomb interactions.

Findings

Rabi oscillations exhibit two harmonics in multi-wave mixing response.

Invariant spin classes do not mix during evolution, preserving dark states.

Mass differences lead to additional Rabi frequencies in exciton polarization.

Abstract

We studied the semiconductor response with respect to high intensity resonant excitation on short time scale when the contribution of the Fermi statistics of the electrons and holes prevails. We studied both the single and double pulse excitations. For the latter case we considered the time evolution of the multi-wave mixing exciton polarization. The main difference between the excitation by a single pulse or by two non-collinear pulses is that the Rabi oscillations of the multi-wave mixing response are characterized by two harmonics. Analyzing the operator dynamics governed by the external excitation we found that there are three invariant spin classes, which do not mix with the evolution of the system. Two classes correspond to the bright exciton states and one contains all dark states. We found that the dynamics of the classes is described by six frequencies and the Rabi frequencies are only two of them (one for each bright class). We discuss the effect of the dispersion of the electrons and holes and the Coulomb interaction describing the semiconductor by the semiconductor Bloch equation (SBE). We show that if initially the system is in the ground state then the SBE preserves the invariant spin classes thus proving absence of the dark excitons in the framework of this description. We found that due to the mass difference between holes of different kind additional Rabi frequencies, two of those present in the operator dynamics, should appear in the evolution of the exciton polarization.