Stability of dark solitons in three dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the stability of dark solitons in three-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, revealing that non-local dipolar interactions can stabilize solitons that are typically unstable in standard condensates, with stability depending on optical lattice conditions.

Contribution

It demonstrates that dipolar interactions enable stable 3D dark solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates, a novel finding in nonlinear atom optics.

Findings

Dipolar interactions stabilize 3D dark solitons.

Optical lattice conditions are crucial for stability.

Standard short-range condensates have unstable dark solitons.

Abstract

The dynamical stability of dark solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates is studied. For standard short-range interacting condensates dark solitons are unstable against transverse excitations in two and three dimensions. On the contrary, due to its non local character, the dipolar interaction allows for stable 3D stationary dark solitons, opening a qualitatively novel scenario in nonlinear atom optics. We discuss in detail the conditions to achieve this stability, which demand the use of an additional optical lattice, and the stability regimes.