Laser Ranging for Gravitational, Lunar, and Planetary Science

TL;DR

Enhanced laser ranging to the Moon and Mars can significantly improve tests of General Relativity and planetary science, with new instruments like retroreflectors and transponders offering versatile scientific and communication capabilities.

Contribution

The paper discusses the potential of advanced laser ranging instruments, including retroreflectors and transponders, for lunar and Martian missions to improve scientific measurements.

Findings

Improved lunar and Martian ranging enhances tests of General Relativity.

New retroreflector arrays and laser transponders can be integrated into future missions.

Combining precision ranging with optical communications offers versatile scientific tools.

Abstract

More precise lunar and Martian ranging will enable unprecedented tests of Einstein's theory of General Relativity and well as lunar and planetary science. NASA is currently planning several missions to return to the Moon, and it is natural to consider if precision laser ranging instruments should be included. New advanced retroreflector arrays at carefully chosen landing sites would have an immediate positive impact on lunar and gravitational studies. Laser transponders are currently being developed that may offer an advantage over passive ranging, and could be adapted for use on Mars and other distant objects. Precision ranging capability can also be combined with optical communications for an extremely versatile instrument. In this paper we discuss the science that can be gained by improved lunar and Martian ranging along with several technologies that can be used for this purpose.