Discrete gauge symmetries and proton stability in the U(1)'-extended MSSM

TL;DR

This paper explores how discrete gauge symmetries in U(1)'-extended MSSM models can ensure proton stability despite the presence of TeV-scale exotic fields that could otherwise cause rapid proton decay.

Contribution

It classifies models with residual discrete symmetries that protect the proton, even with exotic fields, providing a general scheme for proton stability in extended MSSM frameworks.

Findings

Certain residual discrete symmetries guarantee proton stability.

Proton can be long-lived depending on charge assignments.

A classification scheme for viable models is provided.

Abstract

The Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with conserved R-parity suffers from several fine-tuning problems, e.g. the mu-problem and the problem of proton decay through higher dimension operators. Both of these problems can be avoided by replacing R-parity with a non-anomalous U(1)' gauge symmetry which is broken at the TeV scale. The new gauge symmetry does not necessarily forbid all renormalizable R-parity violating interactions among the MSSM fields, and may allow for either lepton number or baryon number violation at the renormalizable level. However, the proton decay problem resurfaces with the introduction of new TeV-scale exotic fields which are required for gauge anomaly cancellations. In this paper we investigate the issue of proton stability in the presence of TeV-scale exotics. We show that there are large classes of models in which TeV exotics do not destabilize the proton. We classify the viable models according to the residual discrete symmetries after U(1)' and electroweak symmetry breaking. In some of our examples the residual U(1)' discrete gauge symmetry within the MSSM sector alone ensures that the proton is absolutely stable, for any exotic representations. In other cases the proton can be sufficiently long-lived, depending on the U(1)' and hypercharge discrete charge assignments for the exotic fields. Our analysis outlines a general scheme for ensuring proton stability in the presence of light exotics with baryon and lepton number violating interactions.