Spectropolarimetry of a decaying sunspot penumbra

TL;DR

This study uses high-resolution spectropolarimetry to analyze the magnetic and flow structures in a decaying sunspot, revealing small-scale inhomogeneities and upward motions associated with penumbral disappearance.

Contribution

It uncovers previously unknown fine magnetic structures in a decaying sunspot's canopy, linking them to the cessation of penumbral flows.

Findings

Detection of finger-like magnetic inhomogeneities extending from the umbra

Observation of blueshifted profiles indicating upward motions

Identification of structures not associated with continuum features or Evershed flows

Abstract

We report on high angular resolution, high precision spectropolarimetric measurements of a decaying sunspot. The spot gradually lost its penumbra during the course of three days. In the late stages of evolution where the only remnant of the spot is a naked umbra, we find small-scale inhomogeneities in the magnetic canopy surrounding it. The inhomogeneities are observed as finger-like structures of weak and nearly horizontal magnetic fields extending 1-2 arcsec from the outer border of the umbra. These fields are not associated with filamentary structures in continuum intensity, nor with conspicuous Evershed flows. The Stokes profiles emerging from the fingers exhibit blueshifts which we interpret as upward motions. This previously unknown fine structure may be related to penumbral field lines that no longer carry strong Evershed flows and rise to the chromosphere, producing the disappearance of the penumbra at photospheric levels.