Masses of radiation pressure supported stars in extreme relativistic realm

TL;DR

This paper explores the theoretical existence of radiation pressure supported stars, called ECOs, in extreme relativistic conditions, which could be mistaken for black holes and are likely the actual nature of observed black hole candidates.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of ECOs as radiation pressure supported stars in the extreme relativistic limit, suggesting they are observationally indistinguishable from black holes.

Findings

ECOs can have arbitrary gravitational mass in the extreme relativistic limit.

ECOs are as compact as Schwarzschild black holes.

Observed black hole candidates may actually be ECOs.

Abstract

We discuss that in the extreme relativistic limit, i.e., when z >>1, where z is the surface gravitational redshift, there could be radiation pressure supported and dominated stars with arbitrary gravitational mass, high or low. Such Objects are called Eternally Collapsing Objects (ECOs). ECOs are practically as compact as Schwarzschil Black Holes (BH) and, observationally, are likely to be mistaken as BHs. Further since any object undergoing continued collapse must first become an ECO before becoming a true BH state charcterized by M=0, the observed BH Candidates are ECOs.