Phase-Separation Transition in Liquid Mixtures Near Charged Objects

TL;DR

This paper investigates how charged objects influence phase separation in liquid mixtures, revealing a critical charge threshold that causes a sharp interface and analyzing the dynamics of this transition.

Contribution

It introduces a combined analytical and numerical approach to study phase separation near charged objects, including a dynamic model using Cahn-Hilliard equations.

Findings

Phase separation occurs above a critical charge or potential.

The composition profile and interface location depend on charge and voltage.

The phase front relaxes exponentially with a characteristic time.

Abstract

We study the thermodynamic behavior of nonpolar liquid mixtures in the vicinity of curved charged objects, such as electrodes or charged colloids. For small enough charge on the object, or equivalently, small potential, the dielectrophoretic force leads to enrichment of the more polar liquid close the colloid. However, there is a critical value of charge (or potential), above which a phase-separation transition occurs, and the interface between high- and low-dielectric constant components becomes sharp. Analytical and numerical composition profile are given, and the equilibrium front location as a function of charge or voltage is found. We further employ a simple Cahn-Hilliard type equation to study the dynamics of phase-separation in spatially nonuniform electric fields. We find an exponential relaxation of the composition front location, with a characteristic time depending on the charge, mixture composition and ambient temperature.