Lattice QCD at finite temperature and density in the phase-quenched approximation

TL;DR

This paper investigates the finite temperature phase transition in lattice QCD at small chemical potential using phase-quenched approximation, finding no evidence of a critical endpoint at small $$ for 3-flavour QCD.

Contribution

It provides the first lattice QCD study of the finite temperature transition at small chemical potential in the phase-quenched approximation, challenging previous expectations of a critical endpoint.

Findings

No critical endpoint found at small $$ for 3-flavour QCD.

Phase-quenched approximation used to study finite $$ effects.

Proposed techniques to improve signal/noise ratio in future studies.

Abstract

QCD at a finite quark-number chemical potential $\mu$ has a complex fermion determinant, which precludes its study by standard lattice QCD simulations. We therefore simulate lattice QCD at finite $\mu$ in the phase-quenched approximation, replacing the fermion determinant with its magnitude. These simulations are used to study the finite temperature transition for small $\mu$,where the position and nature of this transition are expected to be unchanged by this approximation. We look for the expected critical endpoint for 3-flavour QCD. Here, it had been argued that the critical point at zero $\mu$ would become the critical endpoint at small $\mu$, for quark masses just above the critical mass. Our simulations indicate that this does not happen, and there is no such critical endpoint for small $\mu$. We discuss how we might adapt techniques used for imaginary $\mu$ to improve the signal/noise ratio and strengthen our conclusions, using results from relatively low statistics studies.