Mixed anomalies of chiral algebras compactified to smooth quasi-projective surfaces

TL;DR

This paper explores the structure and anomalies of chiral algebras on quasi-projective surfaces, examining their definitions, obstructions, and physical implications in string theory and complex geometry.

Contribution

It introduces a new simplified definition of chiral algebras to compute obstruction classes and analyzes their anomalies on specific surfaces like $ ext{CP}^2$ and toric del Pezzo surfaces.

Findings

Obstruction classes of gerbes match second Chern characters via Riemann-Roch.

Vanishing of gravitational anomalies for certain blowups of $ ext{CP}^2$.

Consistency of Witten's and Nekrasov's hypotheses on $ ext{CP}^2$.

Abstract

Some time ago, the chiral algebra theory of Beilinson-Drinfeld was expected to play a central role in the convergence of divergence in mathematical physics of superstring theory for quantization of gauge theory and gravity. Naively, this algebra plays an important role in a holomorphic conformal field theory with a non-negative integer graded conformal dimension, whose target space does not necessarily have the vanishing first Chern class. This algebra has two definitions until now: one is that by Malikov-Schechtman-Vaintrob by gluing affine patches, and the other is that of Kapranov-Vasserot by gluing the formal loop spaces. I will use the new definition of Nekrasov by simplifying Malikov-Schechtman-Vaintrob in order to compute the obstruction classes of gerbes of chiral differential operators. In this paper, I will examine the two independent Ans$\"{a}$tze (or working hypotheses) of Witten's $\mathcal{N}=(0,2)$ heterotic strings and Nekrasov's generalized complex geometry, after Hitchin and Gualtieri, are consistent in the case of $\mathbb{CP}^2$, which has $3$ affine patches and is expected to have the "first Pontryagin anomaly". I also scrutinized the physical meanings of $2$ dimensional toric Fano manifolds, or rather toric del Pezzo surfaces, obtained by blowing up the non-colinear $1, 2, 3$ points of $\mathbb{CP}^2$. The obstruction classes of gerbes of them coincide with the second Chern characters obtained by the Riemann-Roch theorem and in particular vanishes for $1$ point blowup, which means that one of the gravitational anomalies vanishes for a non-Calabi-Yau manifold compactification. The future direction towards the geometric Langlands program is also discussed in the last section.