
TL;DR
This paper reviews how the young Sun's intense magnetic activity and high-energy emissions influenced planetary atmospheres and the early solar system environment, impacting planetary evolution and formation processes.
Contribution
It synthesizes observational and theoretical evidence on the young Sun's magnetic activity and its effects on planetary atmospheres and early solar system conditions.
Findings
Young Sun's magnetic activity was significantly higher than today.
Enhanced radiation and solar wind affected planetary atmospheres.
Evidence from meteorites suggests a highly active pre-main sequence Sun.
Abstract
(abridged) The Sun's magnetic activity has steadily declined during its main-sequence life. While the solar photospheric luminosity was about 30% lower 4.6 Gyr ago when the Sun arrived on the main sequence compared to present-day levels, its faster rotation generated enhanced magnetic activity; magnetic heating processes in the chromosphere, the transition region, and the corona induced ultraviolet, extreme-ultraviolet, and X-ray emission about 10, 100, and 1000 times, respectively, the present-day levels, as inferred from young solar-analog stars. Also, the production rate of accelerated, high-energy particles was orders of magnitude higher than in present-day solar flares, and a much stronger wind escaped from the Sun, permeating the entire solar system. The consequences of the enhanced radiation and particle fluxes from the young Sun were potentially severe for the evolution of…
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