Simulation of the Continuous Spectrum of Substars with Protoplanetary Discs

TL;DR

This paper models the continuous spectra of substars with protoplanetary disks, analyzing temperature evolution and flux characteristics over time for different substar masses.

Contribution

It provides detailed simulations of the spectral evolution of substars with disks, highlighting how temperature and flux vary with substar mass and age.

Findings

Protoplanetary disk temperature decreases to 3 K over 5-160 Myr depending on substar mass.

Flux maximum at 1 Myr varies significantly with substar mass, reaching up to 3.4 MJy.

Spectral peak shifts within 0.02 mm to 0.58 mm depending on substar mass and age.

Abstract

The continuous spectra of the substars with surrounding protoplanetary disks were calculated. The results reveal that protoplanetary disc average temperature decreases to 3 K during the period of 5 Myr for substars with masses 0.01M_{Sun} and during the period of 160 Myr for substars with masses 0.08M_{Sun}. Estimations of protoplanetary discs flux maximum depending on the substar mass at the age of 1 Myr are: 4.6 kJy (for 0.01M_{Sun}) and 3.4 MJy (for 0.08M_{Sun}). Maximum of protoplanetary disc radiation before it reaches the temperature of the cosmic microwave background changes within the ranges: from 0.07 mm to 0.58 mm (for substar mass 0.01M_{Sun}) and from 0.02 mm to 0.29 mm (for substar mass 0.08M_{Sun}).