Self-Localized Quasi-Particle Excitation in Quantum Electrodynamics and Its Physical Interpretation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a self-localized quasi-particle state in quantum electrodynamics that models the electron and positron as physical entities, providing a nonperturbative way to relate bare and observed parameters and ensuring Lorentz invariance.

Contribution

It presents the first identification of a self-localized quasi-particle excitation in QED, linking bare and physical parameters without infinities and demonstrating Lorentz invariance of the state.

Findings

Self-localized state models the physical electron and positron.

Relates bare parameters to observed values nonperturbatively.

Shows the state is Lorentz-invariant with relativistic spectrum.

Abstract

The self-localized quasi-particle excitation of the electron-positron field (EPF) is found for the first time in the framework of a standard form of the quantum electrodynamics. This state is interpreted as the ``physical'' electron (positron) and it allows one to solve the following problems: i) to express the ``primary'' charge $e_0$ and the mass $m_0$ of the ``bare'' electron in terms of the observed values of $e$ and $m$ of the ``physical'' electron without any infinite parameters and by essentially nonperturbative way; ii) to consider $\mu$-meson as another self-localized EPF state and to estimate the ratio $m_{\mu}/m$; iii) to prove that the self-localized state is Lorentz-invariant and its energy spectrum corresponds to the relativistic free particle with the observed mass $m$; iv) to show that the expansion in a power of the observed charge $e \ll 1$ corresponds to the strong coupling expansion in a power of the ``primary'' charge $e^{-1}_0 \sim e $ when the interaction between the ``physical'' electron and the transverse electromagnetic field is considered by means of the perturbation theory and all terms of this series are free from the ultraviolet divergence.