Primordial Nucleosynthesis in the Precision Cosmology Era

TL;DR

This paper reviews the status of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the context of modern cosmology, comparing theoretical predictions with observational data to test the standard model and explore new physics.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive review of BBN predictions, observational constraints, and their implications for standard and non-standard cosmological models.

Findings

Confirmation of the standard BBN model

Constraints on physics beyond the standard models

Consistency between BBN and cosmic background data

Abstract

Primordial nucleosynthesis provides a probe of the Universe during its early evolution. Given the progress exploring the constituents, structure, and recent evolution of the Universe, it is timely to review the status of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and to confront its predictions, along with the constraints which emerge from them, with those derived from independent observations of the Universe at much later epochs in its evolution. Following an overview of the key physics controlling element synthesis in the early Universe, the predictions of BBN in the standard models of cosmology and particle physics are presented, along with those from some non-standard models. The observational data used to infer the primordial abundances are described, with an emphasis on the distinction between precision and accuracy. The observationally inferred relic abundances are compared with the predicted abundances, testing the internal consistency of BBN and enabling a comparison of the BBN-inferred constraints with those derived from the Cosmic Background Radiation and Large Scale Structure data. Emerging from these comparisons is confirmation of a successful standard model along with constraints on (or hints of) physics beyond the standard models of particle physics and of cosmology.