Ground-based variability surveys towards Centaurus A: worthwhile or not?

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that difference imaging photometry can effectively detect variable stars in Centaurus A at 4 Mpc, and explores its potential for microlensing surveys, highlighting the need for higher sensitivity instruments.

Contribution

First application of difference imaging photometry to Centaurus A, showing its effectiveness for variable star detection at 4 Mpc distance.

Findings

Detected 271 variable stars in Centaurus A.

Achieved a detection limit of m_R~24.5.

Estimated about 4 microlensing events per year with current setup.

Abstract

Context: Difference imaging has proven to be a powerful technique for detecting and monitoring the variability of unresolved stellar sources in M 31. Using this technique in surveys of galaxies outside the Local Group could have many interesting applications. Aims: The goal of this paper is to test difference imaging photometry on Centaurus A, the nearest giant elliptical galaxy, at a distance of 4 Mpc. Methods: We obtained deep photometric data with the Wide Field Imager at the ESO/MPG 2.2m at La Silla spread over almost two months. Applying the difference imaging photometry package DIFIMPHOT, we produced high-quality difference images and detected variable sources. The sensitivity of the current observational setup was determined through artificial residual tests. Results: In the resulting high-quality difference images, we detect 271 variable stars. We find a difference flux detection limit corresponding to m_R~24.5. Based on a simple model of the halo of Centaurus A, we estimate that a ground-based microlensing survey would detect in the order of 4 microlensing events per year due to lenses in the halo. Conclusions: Difference imaging photometry works very well at the distance of Centaurus A and promises to be a useful tool for detecting and studying variable stars in galaxies outside the local group. For microlensing surveys, a higher sensitivity is needed than achieved here, which would be possible with a large ground-based telescope or space observatory with wide-field imaging capabilities.