De-contamination of cosmological 21-cm maps
Liron Gleser, Adi Nusser, Andrew J. Benson

TL;DR
This paper introduces a MAP-based method to extract the cosmological 21-cm signal from reionization data, effectively removing foregrounds and noise, and demonstrates its accuracy through detailed simulations and tests.
Contribution
The novel contribution is the development and testing of a MAP formalism that leverages line-of-sight coherence and 3D correlations to decontaminate 21-cm maps from complex foregrounds and noise.
Findings
Accurate signal recovery at low noise levels (1-5 mK) with rms differences around 1.7-4.2.
Successful reconstruction of the 1D power spectrum across all noise levels tested.
Good reconstruction of Minkowski functionals only at noise levels of a few mK.
Abstract
We present a method for extracting the expected cosmological 21-cm signal from the epoch of reionization, taking into account contaminating radiations and random instrumental noise. The method is based on the maximum a-posteriori probability (MAP) formalism and employs the coherence of the contaminating radiation along the line-of-sight and the three-dimensional correlations of the cosmological signal. We test the method using a detailed and comprehensive modeling of the cosmological 21-cm signal and the contaminating radiation. The signal is obtained using a high resolution N-body simulation where the gas is assumed to trace the dark matter and is reionized by stellar radiation computed from semi-analytic galaxy formation recipes. We model contaminations to the cosmological signal from synchrotron and free-free galactic foregrounds and extragalactic sources including active galactic…
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