Quantum scattering at low energies

TL;DR

This paper investigates quantum scattering at low energies for certain negative potentials, establishing the well-behaved nature of scattering theory down to zero energy and analyzing the asymptotics and singularities of the S-matrix.

Contribution

It extends scattering theory to include zero energy behavior for potentials like -γ|x|^{-μ}, showing continuity and asymptotic properties of the S-matrix at low energies.

Findings

Scattering theory is well-defined down to zero energy for the studied potentials.

The S-matrix exhibits a change in singularity structure at zero energy.

Leading asymptotics of the S-matrix kernel can be characterized as Fourier integral operators.

Abstract

For a class of negative slowly decaying potentials, including $V(x):=-\gamma|x|^{-\mu}$ with $0<\mu<2$, we study the quantum mechanical scattering theory in the low-energy regime. Using modifiers of the Isozaki-Kitada type we show that scattering theory is well behaved on the whole continuous spectrum of the Hamiltonian, including the energy 0. We show that the S-matrices are well-defined and strongly continuous down to the zero energy threshold. Similarly, we prove that the wave matrices and generalized eigenfunctions are norm continuous down to the zero energy if we use appropriate weighted spaces. These results are used to derive (oscillatory) asymptotics of the standard short-range and Dollard type S-matrices for the subclasses of potentials where both kinds of S-matrices are defined. For potentials whose leading part is $-\gamma|x|^{-\mu}$ we show that the location of singularities of the kernel of $S(\lambda)$ experiences an abrupt change from passing from positive energies $\lambda$ to the limiting energy $\lambda=0$. This change corresponds to the behaviour of the classical orbits. Under stronger conditions we extract the leading term of the asymptotics of the kernel of $S(\lambda)$ at its singularities; this leading term defines a Fourier integral operator in the sense of H\"ormander.